Top ten algorithms of science and engineering in the 20th century

Fourier Transform was discovered in early 19th century initially for heat application [2] and Fast Fourier Transform or FFT was discovered in 20th century to significantly improve the speed of the detection process of seismic activities resulting from nuclear testing during the Cold War [3].

[1] Transformers as Algorithms: Generalization and Stability in In-context Learning:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.07067

[2] Highlights in the History of the Fourier Transform:

https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/highlights-in-the-histor...

[3] The Algorithm That Almost Stopped The Development Of Nuclear Weapons:

https://www.iflscience.com/the-algorithm-that-almost-stopped...