Tour de France time trial helmets, ranked by how little I'd like to be in them
escapecollective.com
escapecollective.com
I suspect that a good proportion of the aerodynamic work on cycling products (frames, wheels, etc.) is mostly for marketing, and isn’t backed by expertise, testing or CFD remotely approaching the level of, say, Formula 1.
The apparent randomness of aero helmet designs maybe reflects this, and also (of course) the relative lack of resource in cycling product design.
Formula 1 may not be an "ideal" design if you let each team do their own thing entirely. Also F1 car specifications are also designed around their ability to race with other cars.
The reason cars look so similar in F1 is because they are mandated to be that way to a degree. But that doesn't necessarily mean it's an "ideal" design.
However similarly, cycling helmets are designed and tested in wind tunnels believe it or not.