Cutting boards are labor intensive and unless you can make dozens or hundreds of identical ones will never be profitable. The amount of work setting up different cuts, gluing repeatedly, sanding and sanding and sanding.....it's exhausting. Cutting boards are one of my favorite woodworking projects, but I make batches of them as gifts once every few years - which is exactly as long as it takes me to forget how much labor goes into them.
The power and dust collection requirements tend to be getting towards the bigger side of things for a drum sander as well. Most truly useful sizes are at least 240V if not three-phase.
You can crank out cutting boards like that with not much more than a bunch of clamps, a small drum sander, a miter saw, and a good vacuum cleaner - garage-friendly and under $2,000. The issue is the hours of manual labor you have to put into this, especially since people are not used to paying hundreds of dollars for a decorative cutting board.
There are custom cutting board businesses out there, but they just use a CNC mill to cut personalized shapes or messages in common stock. That's a larger capital investment but far less manual work.
Now drum sanders do take up space (though mine is on wheels and can roll to the side when not in use), and aren't the easiest machines to use and maintain. But when it comes to cutting boards it vastly reduces the labor. Most of the time is just waiting for the glue to dry.
You boards are really cool.
There are some generic-ish jigs that a CNC and 3D printer help with, but those don't tend to change with board pattern.
Economies of scale would be realized by making lots of the same board, but then you're not doing custom one-offs.