I seem to remember Deutsche Post also had a thing you could just write on the letter, or maybe it was DHL's parcel service instead. Those were purchased simply online like any other product/service and, after paying, it told you what to write in the corner. Or maybe I misremember and they only have this system where you can take the pdf to a parcel shop and have them print your label.
Edit: found the "print in store" option, it's not for letters but for parcels https://www.dhl.de/de/privatkunden/pakete-versenden/angebot-... "Don't have a printer? Let your stamp be printed at [places]."
"Handyporto" replaced this and that's probably also why you can't buy it on the website. Deutsche Post probably can't conceive of people who don't own a printer so they heavily advertise "Internetmarke" which requires one.
https://www.giga.de/tipp/briefmarke-per-sms-an-22122-erhalte...