Regardless of if braille counts as a form of typography, I can see the argument that using it would be against the spirit of the assignment. Because then anyone could make a similar argument about Wingdings¹ or Teranoptia² or any other pictorial font and soon you’re seeing who can “cheat” better, which while a fun exercise does not train the intended “muscles”.
A bit like how you could make the debatable argument that code golf languages³ make the exercise boring and pointless.
Failing you might’ve been a bit much, though. Maybe you should’ve gotten a few points for originality and then from next year on the professor could explicitly forbid braille.
¹ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingdings
² https://www.tunera.xyz/fonts/teranoptia/
³ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_golf#Dedicated_golfing_la...