I've worked in many different companies (healthcare, real estate, investment research, payroll, semi-conductor, streaming media, and more). I am currently in FAANG. All of your points pretty much apply across the board. Especially the one about tests, that is nearly universal. Outsourcing is a recipe for amplifying all of those negatives though and always has been. It won't be long before they start bringing those jobs back here again for that reason. Happens every time.