See US Patent 6,870,148 B2 March 22 2005 "LED WITH CONTROLED CAPACITIVE DISCHARGE FOR PHOTO SENSING" by Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab (MERL). https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloa...
Also:
Dietz, P.H., Yerazunis, W.S., Leigh, D.L., "Very Low-Cost Sensing and Communication Using Bidirectional LEDs", ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), October 2003. BibTeX TR2003-35 - https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2003-35
Which is good for ~30 Baud and distances of inches at best.
https://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalPro...