Certainly. I'm an anthropologist by training, where extensive fieldwork is the gold standard. Second to this comes a great deal of methodological nerd stuff (IE how to make sure you get good data from all that fieldwork). 'Theory' is mostly subsumed into this, and essentially comes in the form of securing the epistemic quality of the method.

I'm passingly familiar with sociology, area studies, cultural studies and linguistics - all of which seem to me, like they also value real world observations in their respective areas much more highly than it sounds like psych does.

From your description of these questionaires, it sounds like a methodology issue to me. If your baseline is a questionaire, then the questions you would think to ask are going to be informed by your preconceived notions of the issue, and you're forcing the raw data out there to conform to these formats you've set for it. If your chosen method for collecting the data is already distorting the field, then you're injecting a major risk of just confirming your own bias.

I appreciate that psych is trying to get at a different type of knowledge, but from where I'm at this sounds like an "if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail" type of problem. I'm very much not trained to do statistical analysis though, which I believe is part of the toolkit for psych phds - so maybe it actually is the best tool for what they're trying to do.