Nietzsche thought that it was so obvious that he was going round corrupting the youth by showing people not to have a clue what they were talking about via using dialectics, that he knew what he was getting himself into long long before the whole “dying to prove a point (that he respected the laws of the Athenian state)”. He was purposefully using dialectics as a tool to show people up, and to show them “hey you thought you knew what virtue was?? Turns out you don’t know shit about virtue omfg?!?!” Whereas people did all know about virtue because it was a common thing they shared in their understanding of using the meaning of the concept. It didn’t need dialectics to reduce that definition to absurdio and prove that nothing conceptually was true or known in the Athenian state, and him doing this was causative of its downfall, and so he was no martyr for drinking the hemlock.

That really is Nietzsche’s angle on it if you care to go looking rather than cite him at me to disprove what I said. I think it’s in Will to Power but it’s been a while. You’ll also notice throughout that Nietzsche isn’t a dialectical thinker. He doesn’t go round in circles trying to find the antithesis of his polemics – he’s calling it how it is for him.

Edit: some of his perspective on Socrates is in Twilight - Google: Nietzsche Socrates Buffoon.