What is “the underlying process”?
For example, Newton was able to model gravity quite successfully without ever being able to “understand the underlying process”. In fact, physics today still doesn’t have a good grasp on what gravity is. Yet we use the models and equations all the time
In a way, physics is also a collection of black boxes, perhaps just seemingly more elegant boxes
Newton realized that these phenomena could be explained as arising from the same underlying process of an inverse square law. This is a much more useful model, and allows predictions that allow us to do things like space flight, even if it is not complete.
IMO -
The simple ones: advection, latent heat release/absorption from water changing phases, and the Coriolis force. If you need an AI for this, please take a course on differential equations.
The hard ones: droplet/ice crystal formation, cloud feedback on radiative transfer, evaporation at air-sea boundaries. If you can train a model for these processes, please, please tell someone.
It's not useful to draw a false equivalence between AI-style "the model predicts, that's good enough" and science as a whole which cares very much about the underlying structure.
If anything, AI researchers are digging deeper into the models too
And people in physics are starting to use AI tools to model physical phenomena
I think that it’s a never ending task to understand all the black boxes. Definitely not possible by a single person. But also at some level you get to circular references. There is no fixed point in the universe, there is no point 0 or origin that we can find. Everything is relative to something else
What if the hammer gets angry and starts hitting us in the head? How can you not see the danger in getting hit in the head by a hammer?
This is all just short term noise and no one will ask these stupid questions soon enough. In the meantime, it makes for good theater on podcasts.