We are not in the 90s anymore. UTF-8 has been around for 32 years now. If you’re working for a system that has no UTF-8 support, you have a much bigger problem to worry about.
> characters have no direct relation to phonetics
Most characters are phono-semantic where one part of the character is a phonetic hint and the other is a semantic hint.
> modernize it similar to Hiragana
Hiragana isn’t and wasn’t intended to replace kanji (unless you are from the fringe Kanamozikai). It serves a different grammatical purpose and is complementary to the other two. Kana is useful for an agglutinating language like Japanese, but not Chinese languages.