I personally think systems evolve the way you describe because of a system of incentives. There are more incentives for features than there exist for refactor and non top priority defect fixes. This comes from the people who hold power to shape incentives and they often do so with conflicting priorities and superficial understandings of the existing incentive structure.
I'd also like to say that it's my own personal theory that systemic issues can only be caused by systemic forces. Individual mindsets cannot be to blame then; if a mindset has become systemic (example: SWEs overly attached to code and features) then your next question should be "why?". There's a system that enforces that, and if you don't look beyond personal obsession then you'll never find it.