They do, though its called "docker layers"

I have seen layers that were:

    base
    add tools
    add source code
    compile
    delete source code
    delete extra tools
    (ship - why is the docker image so large?  Oh well, storage is cheap...)

And there are easy ways to resolve this such as multi stage builds ( https://docs.docker.com/build/building/multi-stage/ ) - but mistakes still happen from time to time when people aren't aware that the current view of the docker image contains all of the previous layers too.