Anyone who says "bandwidth costs are not really that bad" should spend 2 minutes playing with the AWS cost calculator.
You would think the VMs are the expensive part, but no, egress is easily multiple times the cost of the compute.
You would think the VMs are the expensive part, but no, egress is easily multiple times the cost of the compute.
You can get 100x cheaper and unmetered at a low cost provider like OVH or hetzner or similar bare metal data centers .
It doesn’t even need significant monthly commits to get that pricing if you are running video streaming at scale you are not running on AWS or even tier 2 like OVH for sure
* up to 2TB per month
* if our upstream is saturated we're going to look at our biggest users and if the number is really big we'll send them a polite email to please reduce it or pay more.
There are reports of people getting emails from Hetzner after sending multiple Gbps continuously for several months. That's the level you have to reach before the * kicks in. Only 1Gbps servers are unmetered, so you'd have to have several.
If you want to know a better approximation of their true cost just look at their non-unlimited plans: 20TB/month included for free; 1€/TB (excl VAT) after that.
I have one more interesting data point to add: I was quoted 950€/month for a dedicated 10Gbps between Berlin and Amsterdam (about 600km) plus peering at AMS-IX, or 300€ for 1Gbps. (They're not secretive and you can just ask for a quote using their sales contact form). Extrapolating, it seems that 1€ is worth about 2.5 petabyte-kilometers, at least within the dense interconnections of continental Europe. About twice the price of shipping a petabyte of hard drives the same distance.
I will point out that this is still about 50x-80x cheaper than Amazon. Not far off the claim of 100x.
Cloudflare and most other Object Storage Providers either fully free egress for all users or at-least for inter-cloud transit so you can then put a free/cheap CDN like Cloudflare in front and not pay all that much for b/w.
AWS refuses to participate. Costs of retrieval of all data plus associated bandwidth is a so high for many people that they stick to S3 including me.
The cloud bandwidth you get on your VPS has nothing to do with costs at the scale where you’ve racks in data centers.
At even higher scale (YouTube, Facebook or even Netflix ) you are going to be putting content caching servers at the local ISP PoPs : it is mutually beneficial to do so .
It is hard to directly compete on long-form video because of audience and content depth advantage Google has with YouTube.
There are successful niche players who are fairly large (like Vimeo or Twitch or even OnlyFans) who focus on specific markets that don't require social network advantage like corporate or smaller segments etc.
For general purpose media, creators are going to focus on the platform with most audience and vice-versa, very hard to break that.
The number above was a thousand dollars per month per 10gbps, and AWS would charge more than a hundred thousand dollars at the listed $0.05/GB price.
Nonetheless it does give a ballpark for the cost of bandwidth being a lot lower than people think. A 10G internet connection would be cheaper to provide in some parts of that equation and more expensive in others - should end up in the same ballpark.
And honestly 10 cents per Mbps sounds kind of high for raw transit, I interpreted it as a price for actual utilization.
Add 10-25% profit for that company to get closer to true "raw transit" pricing from the carriers directly.
But sure, if you want citations for $0.10 per Mbps in bulk for transit, that's easy to find/beat.
https://he.net/ "Get BGP+IPv6+IPv4 for $0.06/Mbps!"
https://www.fdcservers.net/ip-transit Europe, North America: 10Gbps $499/month
And telegeography just sells information, but they had a blog post that's now three years out of date reporting that "In Q2 2021, the lowest 10 GigE prices on offer were at the brink of $0.09 per Mbps per month. The lowest for 100 GigE were $0.06 per Mbps per month."
You need to factor in that your utilization won't be 100%, but if you're comparing 6 cents for a Mbps and and 5 cents for a gigabyte, then the exact point where AWS is 100x more expensive is when your line is 36% utilized.
Jump into a 'bare metal' datacenter and things can get much different.