The Sphinx wasn't built with stone from a quarry, it was carved from the bedrock. It has since been restored a number of times, one of which added layers of limestone block which is easily distinguishable from the original shape.
How did the erosion happen? At what time period was that much water there?
You know sand and wind erode as well, right?
Different ways of erosion leave different kinds of traces.
The ones in the Sphinx enclosure are indicative of water (more specifically - rainfall) erosion.