Some percentage of people don't have a car. It's safe to assume that trends to lower income.

So parking mandates are also a form of (hidden) economic apartheid. If my city mandates say 2 spaces per apartment, it's intrinsically reducing housing stock for "poor people" - hence "more exclusive neighborhoods."

Which sounds good, except that the services needed (often done by the poor) get hard to supply.

Cynical me suggests that selective zoning creates 'pockets of poor' - but pragmatically me points out this is good for clustering car-alternatives making them more effective.

On balance I think it's a win - and frankly is good for everyone.