And the answer is "depends on the database tech".

Here are some nice benchmarks: https://www.toomanyafterthoughts.com/uuids-are-bad-for-datab...

I learned the lexically-sortable-id trick from wizened DBAs in the 90s. It's an old trick. I've applied it myself to speed things up and have used both the ULID types described in the article and UUIDv7 etc.

I even advocate using UUID7 on BigQuery where there are no indexes. Having sortable keys is nice even if it doesn't add speed.