Russia leaves planes without GPS in northern Europe
english.elpais.com
english.elpais.com
There was a whole set of navigational aids available to pilots beforehand; NDBs, VORs, TACAN, LORAN, RADAR, etc, etc, etc.
AND OF COURSE, THE BEST OF ALL, THE HUMAN EYE AND A WAC CHART.
That said, most airliners still have a backup IRS, and can still fly a regular flight plan with IRS and no-GPS, it's just 10 seconds extra setup time at the start of flight.
(trying to go back to IRS-only transatlantic/pacific flights might be a problem due to drift, but GPS still works outside of the small area Russia is jamming anyway, so we're not at that point yet)