> For example, the justification for nuking Nagasaki was "well, there's a factory nearby, so that's a valid military target".

Erm, what? The justification for nuking nagasaki was that demonstrating overwhelming might would swiftly end the war (it did) while continuing conventional war would cause many more casualties over time.

Maybe you mean to say that because a lot of ships, bombs and military equipment were made there (though it wasn't merely "a factory nearby") they dropped the bomb there rather than somewhere else.

Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_a...