I'm still reading the paper but I think it might enable better versions of this sort of thing: https://www.nist.gov/noac/technology/magnetic-and-electric-f...

If I remember correctly GPS is effected but the ultra precise version the gov uses can error correct pretty well. I would think greater GPS precision at a lower cost?

synchronization of compute across data centers is something I've used atomic clocks for, precision and cost are an issue.

We derrive most of our other units from time, so differences in time accuracy translate into metrology improvements more generally.

Existing atomic clocks based on electrical interactions are extremely sensitive to the surrounding magnetic and electrical environment-- so for example accuracy is limited by collisions with other atoms, so state of the art atomic clocks have optically trapped clouds in high vacuums. Beyond limiting their accuracy generally makes the instruments very complex.

One could imagine an optical-nuclear atomic clock in entirely solid state form on a single chip with minimal support equipment achieving superior stability to a room sized instrument.

If atomic clocks become a few orders of magntidude better than the current state of the art (see atomic lattice clocks) then such clocks would do direct gravitational wave measurements and measure some fundemental constants.

The latter is important in physics to determine if these constants are truly constant in space and time. Which is a large assumption we have about the universe.