I think this is mostly true. Perhaps truer still is that the US willingly had rules that massively reduced their market power in negotiations, which in a game of parallel negotiations leads to the obvious price discrimination. You cannot blame big pharma for giving a client willing to pay any price without negotiations what the client wants: high prices.

One counterpoint is that in my country we’ve successfully reduced prices for medicines a lot by strong negotiations in the last decade. We are last in line among western nations for medicines now. Shortages all around.

Almost certainly not below cost.

And the US isn't paying for the R&D (that sounds like a regurgitated line from somewhere?) so much as paying for the pharma company's profits, due to the US's totally screwed-up healthcare system and situation.

How is it different from the normal market? If I have a product and sell in Germany for 50 USD and Switzerland for 100 USD because that is what people are willing to pay, would you also say that Switzerland pays for R&D while Germany gets it below cost?

The US is paying for R&D in Denmark?

Isn't it made by a Danish company?

Do you have a source on that claim?

Probably not.