However, as the article said, there are issues around the uncertainty of the future and economic issues that's contributing to depressed fertility rate. We should take of that. It is unclear if taking care of these problems will lead to income-fertility relationship that was shown in the Swedish population.
1. https://www.niussp.org/fertility-and-reproduction/income-and...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/daa97aba-en/index.html?i....
Italy and Poland were really tough on illegal immigration but gave out the highest amount of work VISAs.
European Commissioner for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson in 2024 said the European Union “needs a million migrants a year”.
That assumes birthrates elsewhere are high enough to sustain that, but they're declining everywhere. Immigration is basically just exporting the low birthrate problem to someplace less equipped to deal with it (which is par for the course for rich, western countries).
I expect we'll start to see emigration controls in the not too distant future.
I do not agree with emigration controls. At least not in the next 50 years!
I think China's approach would become the blueprint for third world countries eventually dealing with this.
Unfortunately China doesn't seem to have an approach yet, other than doubling down on more and more authoritarian measures to lock down the economy.
IIRC, they've only tried carrots so far, which hasn't worked. My bet is they'll turn to sticks, sooner rather than later, and have a lot of experience with them due to the one child policy.
I wouldn't be surprised if they start to fine the childless and/or limit childless women's advancement opportunities at work.
It's a shit show, at the end we're still in "need" of slave labour to work in tomato fields and to do unskilled jobs because almost no Italian would do them
[1] https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/meloni-piantedosi-pull-f...
Elsewhere, the relationship is inverse. Earning more decreases fertility rate, such as in the US.