To add to the woes of the publishing industry, a lot of sales are lost due to piracy. $300MM a year for the US alone (per a 2019 article).
https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamrowe1/2019/07/28/us-publish...
https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamrowe1/2019/07/28/us-publish...
Despite the narrative that copyright holders in every industry like to push, a pirated copy is not equal to a lost sale. Their actual losses are likely a small fraction of that number.