China has a population the size of the US and EU combined, and are every bit as capable intellectually. One would expect them to catch up technologically, all else being equal. I don't think that requires any false presumptions.
Also, ime, the west has only ever presumed political superiority, not intellectual. Not unless you're talking about fringe people, in which case I'd point out that every nation has a minority of rabid ethnocentrists, and the west generally denounces theirs to a greater degree than China itself does.