A slightly off topic and probably naive question: the article lists the top "institutional holders", starting with "Vanguard Group", "Blackrock Group", and "State Street Corporation".

Are these institutions that are holding Tesla stock on behalf of mutual funds or ETF's that they then resell to the public? Or are these direct corporate investments? Or something else?

More generally, who votes the shares that are held by these institutions? Does it differ depending on the purpose for which these shares are held? If it's held as part of a fund, do the owners of that fund get to decide, or does the management?