Audiobooks and game ROMs (GC, Wii, PS1, PS2) are the two big ones at the moment. Also any photos or videos I capture on my phone, although it was also get backed up to cloud storage.
In the past I've carried a music library and some movies or TV series, but I mostly stream those these days. (I used to fly more often, so a local copy was more important then.)
Also, I like to try out different Android flavors on my phone occasionally, and it's nice to be able to pop out the microSD and know that no matter what I happens during the installation, that data is still safe.
I'm sure it's not as fast as the internal storage, but for the way I use it, it's fast enough that I don't really notice the speed.