The closest thing I have seen to this (which isn't that close) is the UI debug viewer in Xcode. You can get an exploded-view diagram of all the UI elements that you can rotate in 3D space. No lighting or shadows though and its limited to apps you have debug access to.

I think the Amazon Fire phone also tried something similar in real time with several front facing eye tracking cameras and the gyro+accelerometer to shift the phone UI and simulate a 3D view with parallax. The old mobile Safari tab view also used to shift the tabs based on the phone's orientation.

I would love to see a "globally illuminated" UI someday, even if it's impractical. Something like all those Windows renders the Microsoft Design team put out, but in real time. Totally impractical and a poor use of electricity, but it would be cool to have path traced, soft drop-shadows.