You can get substantially better performance out of sqlite by using the lower level https://github.com/crawshaw/sqlite, turning on WAL etc, using a connection per goroutine for reads, and sending batches of writes over a buffered channel / queue to a dedicated writer thread. That way you can turn off SQLite’s built in per-connection mutex but still be thread safe since each connection is only used on a single thread at a time.
For this use-case you will also probably save a lot of time if you use some large arena-style buffers (probably N per conn?) and copy incoming parameter bytes from the network request/socket to the buffer, or copy straight from sqlite out to the socket, instead of allocating and passing around a bunch of individual strings. Boxing those strings in interface{} (as done by the high level sql stdlib) slows things down even more.
None of this is necessary to get usable perf, even decently good perf, just sharing some tips from my experience trying to get absolutely maximum write throughput from SQLite in Golang.