Related, A City is not a Tree:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_City_Is_Not_a_Tree
1965 essay:
https://blogs.ischool.berkeley.edu/i103su12/files/2011/07/19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_City_Is_Not_a_Tree
1965 essay:
https://blogs.ischool.berkeley.edu/i103su12/files/2011/07/19...
> It seems that even general structural configurations, such as graphs or digraphs with certain specified properties, will fail to characterize a city, whose complexity, at this stage, may well continue to be understood more readily through negative rather than positive descriptions.