Why do residency programs require subsidies, are resident doctors each a large net financial loss to a hospital? I can't think of many other career paths where someone out of school is so underprepared for the job that the business could not employ them without someone else footing the bill, doesn't seem like a reasonable system that will sustain itself in the long term. I suppose pilots are a bit like this but they typically take the financial risk on themselves to some degree or get the taxpayer funded training via the military.