They used it to covertly transmit swing in trading prices between the Paris stock exchange and Bordeaux. If memory serves, they used unused symbols or abused error correction, I don't remember which, but from a technical standpoint it was pretty advanced and covert.
I seem to remember they only got caught because somebody snitched them when they suddenly got veeeery good a predicting prices in Bordeaux, some 400km away from Paris.
It appears transmission speed for a symbol was on the order of magnitude of 7 meters per second, and full messages travelled 400km in 9 minutes instead of 4 days by horse. So speed was a ginormous improvement despite low bandwidth and very high capex & opex and limited operating hours.
It operated from 1793 to 1854 in continental France.