The problem with google ads, is google gets all the cut. If substack can produce an ad system, where the writer can take a bigger cut and exercise control (or choose not to), then it returns the ad-revenue to the writer, which'll make the space boom.
Youtube is half-ad revenue, and it clearly sustains a large ecosystem of thriving video creators. Why can't substack do the same.
The ads can take two forms.
1. Generic ads, which substack just providess silently, and takes a large cut.
2. Writer-sponsored ads. Essentially like youtube sponsorship segments. Except substack provides a nice interface to put the ads (That doesn't piss off the users), and a centralized payment/bidding platform to lower the transaction friction, and take a small cut out of it.