At risk of taking the bait with this flippant comment, I’d like to highlight your critique of what others used to long for as “targeted therapy” or “personalized medicine”. I suppose we could always step backward to a world dominated by systemic cytotoxic chemo, though. Which, to be fair, still has its place.

Cancer tends to evolve at a rate that outpaces treatment innovation, and the molecular determinants can be wildly heterogenous. For example, a lung cancer patient can have half a dozen tumors that all harbor independent oncogenic drivers. It is not uncommon for a patient to undergo treatment with a target therapy and see complete tumor responses in some lesions, while others grow unimpeded.

We did not develop our own code base. Humans are a black box and drug development is HARD.