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That's not the motherboards fault, the PCIe controller is on the CPU and needs to have corresponding I/O pinout on the socket. And even from the CPU manufacturer side, it's not artificial market segmentation. The I/O die alone on an EPYC/ThreadRipper Pro is more than double the die area of the CPU, GPU and I/O chips in a Ryzen 7 7800, and it's on a single chip which makes yields way worse. The socket and package need 1700 connections in one case and 6000 on the other. The high I/O CPU is way more expensive to manufacture, and on the lower end the prices start at ~1k for 512 GB/s of full duplex PCIe bandwidth and 12 memory channels.

The 1x16/2x8 GPU port and 1x4 M.2 port goes directly to CPU, Rest of ports come through the Chipset/PCH/Northbridge/Southbridge/however you call it. The CPU-Chipset link is not real I/O bus coming from CPU die for quite some time. So motherboard brands can't just offer x16 to everyone.

Breaking out full sized full speed buses was possible with PCI and PCI-X because those were real buses bridged to real CPU buses. That's not the case with PCIe.

0: https://images.anandtech.com/doci/17308/hlg-intel-prod-brief...

1: https://www.lowyat.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AMD-AM5-Di...

Some of the fancier PCIe 5.0 motherboards out there today actually do have two PCIe 16x slots -- one 5.0 and one 4.0. So you can run dual-GPU, though I don't see a reason to do this anymore except some niche GPU virtualization stuff. (multi-GPU proprietary tech is dead, DX12 mGPU never really took off, etc.)

> Even if you buy the fanciest consumer motherboard out there, you'll find it only comes with one PCIe slot that actually runs at 16x speed, one that's maybe 4x speed (but 16x size), and that's about it.

Maybe in the Intel World, this is true. Intel has always played games at consumer's expense...

Here's the cheapest AMD AM5 socket ATX mobo sold by NewEgg, complete with two (2) 16x PCIe gen 4 slots[1].

Here's an AM5 mATX board with two (2) 16x PCIe gen 4 slots[2].

Come join team Red - the water is warm.

[1] https://www.newegg.com/msi-pro-b650-s-wifi/p/N82E16813144642

[2] https://www.newegg.com/msi-pro-b650m-a-wifi/p/13-144-559

Eh, on both boards the 2nd PCIe x16 slot only has 4 PCIe lanes - physically its an x16 slot and you can put x16 devices in it, but they will only be able to talk x4 speeds.

Even on high end AM5 motherboards, they'll only run at x8/x8 (or maybe x16/x4) if you populate both slots.

PCIe 5.0 x8 has the same throughput as PCIe 4.0 x16, FWIW. So the x8/x8 configuration is very reasonable.

Sure, but outside of a few SSDs (that aren't worth buying currently, need to wait for the 2nd gen pcie 5 controllers to tame their power draw), what consumer (or enthusiast) hardware is actually using PCIe 5 right now? If you slot 2 4090s into those x8/x8 5.0 slots, they'll "only" run at x8/x8 4.0 speeds.

My board two slots PCI-E 5.0 that work as x8 to CPU if both used to x16 if only one used. As well as two PCI-E 5.0 x4 m.2 slots.

To my understanding on a consumer market there isn't much that can utilize that much bandwidth. Current consumer GPUs tap out at 4.0 speeds, but use 5.0 (probably due to "more number more better" marketing). To benefit from 5.0 for NVMe it has to be very specific access patterns.

It's only sad on Intel side because they want strong market segmentation and got away with it because AMD wasn't a competitor for years.

I think there are a surprising number of people who would use two x16 slots (not the latest generation bandwidth requirements, just the electrical connection to support older products at full speed), one for a GPU, one for something like a networking or storage card. But it makes workstation and server class offerings weaker in comparison.

Well, for that I have a board from Super Micro with Epyc in it.

NICs that can utilize x8 from PCIe 5.0 or even 4.0 probably don't usually go into consumer or even prosumer hardware. PCIe 3.0 x4 is enough for a single 10G NIC. One PCIe 4.0 x8 can handle 4 of those, double that on PCIe 5.0.

There is currently no GPU on a market with PCIe interface that can utilize PCIe 5.0 x8 fully.

Storage is probably the only area where what you get from PCIe is not enough. However, by the time such bandwidth makes sense - the price of CPU and motherboard is a drop in a bucket, and you are probably limited by more than just the number of PCIe lines.