Gamers have testably higher in-game performance at higher framerates.
There was another research which discussed about a latency in the brain of around 15ms. Even if the visual system could detect a change, not much could be done with that change due to the inherent latency.
That claim does not support that conclusion. 15 ms is roughly the frame time at 60 fps, meaning framerate potentially accounts for a significant and reducible portion of overall latency.