Revolutionary User Interfaces
timeline.verite.co
timeline.verite.co
1969: The Genesys system, developed by Dr. Ron Baecker in MIT's Lincoln Laboratory was one of the world's first interactive systems for real-time animation [2]
1980: Richard A. Bolt from MIT wrote Put-that-there : voice and gesture at the graphics interface [3]
[1] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA
We give for granted now that applications should be clean, focus, etc, but for many years that was not the trend. To put it into perspective, its major rivals at the time (Yahoo, and MSN) followed the opposite path.
Google had a huge impact on how web interfaces are done today.
They also popularize ajax when they launched gmail but that its another story.
If anything, Google was a return back to spartan interfaces after the initial batch of search engines got too caught up in portal mania.