The relevant one is that success feels good and failure feels bad. However, all of these systems rely on raising or lowering your feelings in response to stimulation. That is inherently short term and works best with very direct feedback and short 'loops'.
Humans are simply terrible at long term success(compared to short term) because it is a process of incentive that lives entirely in the logic part of the mind, with very little animal input. And the people/organizations that reliably achieve long term successes already hijack these short term systems to achieve those successes.
This is just a tool to do that, at the end of the day. Games are designed around that animal system, mega optimized, so it makes sense to use them as a format for a productivity tool.
That's especially important now, because so many large organizations have workers that are completely detached from the final product, making the feedback EVEN WORSE.
This would be immediately labeled a distraction from real work in my mind and would have no effectiveness whatsoever. I'm also not motivated by competitions between teams to achieve various stats for silly rewards. Just show me what needs to be done to make progress on the company's actual goals and let me figure out what I think is the best way for me to help.