For security critical projects, it seems like it would make sense to try to set up the build infrastructure to error (or at least warn!) when binary files are being included in the build. This should be done transitively, so when linux distros attempted to update to this new version of liblzma, the build would fail (or warn) about this new binary dependency.
I don't know how common this practice is in the linux distro builds. Obviously if it's common, it would take a lot of work to clean up to make this possible, even if it's even possible in the first place. It seems like something that would be doable with bazel, but I'm not sure about other build systems.