It depends what happens to the password. Typically it's sent as a bearer credential. But there are auth schemes (not widely used these days) where the password isn't sent over the wire.
https://owasp.org/www-community/OWASP_Application_Security_F... says "Salted hash for transmitting passwords is a good technique. This ensures that the password can not be stolen even if the SSL key is broken."
I didn't want to believe you, but man, I just checked a few websites in the network inspector... and it seems like GMail, Hackernews, Wordpress, Wix, and Live.com all just sent it in plaintext with only SSL encryption :(
That's a bit disappointing. But TIL. Thanks for letting me know!
If TLS break then all is untrusted anyway! If you read hash as MITM you can replay it as pass equivalent and log in with hash, do not need knowledge of the original pass. You can just inject the script to exfilatrate original pass before hashing. CSP is broken, since you can edit header to give your own script a inline nonce. I think everything is reliant on TLS in end.
I think 10yr ago before TLS was 99%+ standard on all sites many people would come up with schemes, forums would md5 pass client side and send md5, all sorts were common. But now trust is in TLS.
I'm a little confused with this recommendation
How server is supposed to verify user's password in this case? Store the same hash with exactly the same salt in the database, effectively making the transmitted salted hash a cleartext password?
Edit: I guess the reverse is also true, that is, leaked user passwords from other sources can't be easily tested against your user accounts just by sending a bunch of HTTP requests to your server. The attacker would have to at least run the passwords through your particular salted hash scheme first (which they can get by reverse engineering your client, but it's extra labor and computation).
If you’re worried about passive listeners with ssl private keys, perfect forward secrecy at the crypto layer solved that a long time ago.
For browsers at least, sending passwords plainly over a tls session is as good as it gets.
If you salt and hash the password on the client side, how is the server going to verify the password. Everything I can think of either requires the server to store the plaintext password (bad) or basically makes the hashed bytes become the plaintext password (pointless).
There are password-based solutions that work like this --- PAKEs like Secure Remote Passwords: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2945.txt
They have low uptake because they don't really offer any security beyond just sending the plaintext password over a properly-functioning TLS channel.
But I think the point of salting + hashing the password isn't quite the same as what TLS offers. It's not necessarily to prevent MITM eavesdropping, but to help protect the user from credential re-use from leaks.
What was I taught is that your server should never have the user's cleartext password to begin with, only the salted hash. As soon as they set it, the server only ever gets (and saves) the salted hash. That way, in the worst case scenario (data leak or rogue employee), at most your users would only have their accounts with you compromised. The salted hashes are useless anywhere else (barring quantum decryption). To you they're password equivalents, but they turn the user's weak reused password (that they may be using for banking, taxes, etc.) into a strong salted hash that's useless anywhere else.
That's the benefit of doing it serverside, at least.
Doing it clientside, too, means that the password itself is also never sent over the wire, just the salted hash (which is all the server needs, anyway), limiting the collateral damage if it IS intercepted in transit. But with widespread HTTPS, that's probably not a huge concern. I do think it can help prevent accidental leaks, like if your auth endpoint was accidentally misconfigured and caching or logging requests with cleartext passwords... again, just to protect the user from leaks.
You can imagine the salted and hashed password in your scheme to be "the password". Because the server will still know it, and could use it to log in somewhere else (it just has to skip the salt-and-hash step).