2018: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/analysis-h...
2013: https://www.businessinsider.com/poverty-effect-on-intelligen...
2008: https://jech.bmj.com/content/66/7/624 (diet)
I would argue btw that sub-saharan Africa was held back in terms of average IQ due to poor nutrition as well as the relative lack of empires for hundreds of years