https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220312182A1/en?oq=2022...
Iridium has offered a global satellite phone service since 1998, and the first satellite-capable “regular” mobile phones without a huge external antenna started showing up in the early 2010s (Thuraya in EMEA and Asia, Terrestar in the US).
Satellite mobile telephony is only literally rocket science these days.
But it is, in the end, an almost prototypical Apple feature: Making something that's been technically possible, but mostly a niche feature, mass-market accessible.
Again, very cool and I love having it on my phone, but I just wouldn't call it an Apple invention.
I think they really were the first to do in-space inter-satellite routing. If you call one Iridium phone from another, the call will never touch any earth-side infrastructure (after call setup). And they've been the only ones doing that until Starlink recently launched inter-satellite links.
All of that in 1998, when everybody else was still doing "bent-pipe" style satellite communications, and putting things into space was still prohibitively expensive!