Electric car battery prices are going back down faster than expected (2023)
electrek.co
electrek.co
EVs are complex, but in ways that are much more subject to economies of scale.
For example, much of their value is in the software, which replicates for nearly zero marginal cost. Electric motor assembly is highly automatable and a fraction of the cost of assembling engines. There are no emission control systems, fuel systems, exhaust systems.
That leaves battery materials and construction, and these are dropping fast. Goldman Sachs just predicted pack-level prices will be below $100 KWh by 2025 and continue dropping by 11% per year throughout the decade.
In fact, BYD already sells a perfectly-reasonable EV in China for around $11,000 US equivalent.
There will, of course, always be premium priced EVs in the market, but I believe the lower bound of the market will be much lower than the Corollas, Tercels and Honda Fits of today.
Average car price in 2002 was ~$19k.
Adjusted for inflation is ~$33k.
Average car price in 2024 is $48k.
If a company was run in a more sane way where they want to provide cars at a reasonable price where the company can pay it's employees a fair wage then maybe that could happen. Instead, most US corporations pay employees as low as possible, take as much money from the consumer as possible, and have the excess go to executives and shareholders.Have you checked Tesla prices over the last 12 months?
The automotive industry is known for bad margins. Interest rates go up, willingness to pay for large ticket items goes down. We won’t see anything like 0 percent rates for possibly 100 years.
One interesting outcome: near shoring of production drives local labor wages up for the long, permanent term. Maybe more in India/Mexico than the US, but still significant. And better for all than the past.
I'll give example on Brazil. Cars were ridiculous expensive lately. Then BYD came in.
There were rumors of them launching Seagul (they call Dolphin Mini here) for R$ 100k.
Renault had Kwid E-tech for R$ 142k. They had to lower TO R$ 100k. They had to cut 30% out of nowhere because of Chinese competition.
GWM and Chery is also going well here as far I know.
People have been saying this for decades now and conveniently forget that replacing CD cases with Internet downloads doesn't eliminate the fact that software engineering is expensive in itself.
Crazy how TurboTax isn't $5 or Tesla FSD doesn't come standard. So much for zero marginal cost.
The music companies simply got too greedy and now their market has imploded and most people only pay for Spotify.
We might get a rerun of asian producers dominating the car market and making a panic in USA car makers.
Batteries specifically does make sense, ex. Model X has 100 kWh battery. if I price out 100 kWh at $200 right now (high) and its $100 a decade from now, about $20K.
"Software" is hand-waving.
Electric motors being easier does make sense.
Is there any car software that’s “open”?
0. https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/say-hello-to-an-fsd-...
[1]: https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1121372_why-mazda-is-pur...
If that isn't brake by wire, then what is?
<thing>-by-wire means there is a control with no physical connection to <thing>.
for example, older tesla cars can steer themselves, but the steering wheel still connects to the front wheels mechanically.
The newer cybertruck has a steer-by-wire. The wheels are turned side to side by motors, but the steering wheel is not mechanically hooked to it, it's just an electronic controller.
With [traditional] power-assisted brakes, there is always a direct connection between the pedal doing the braking and the wheel cylinders. It's assisted (usually, but not always, by vacuum), but that direct mechanical connection is always there.
With one-pedal driving that only uses exactly one pedal, there is never a direct mechanical connection between that singular pedal and the braking system. That connection is only electrical; there is no direct mechanical (or hydraulic, to split hairs) connection at all. It is entirely brake-by-wire, unless one chooses to place a foot on the brake pedal and thereby do something other than one-pedal driving.
Thus: Unless there's hydraulics connected to the accelerator pedal, then: As long as mechanical braking (pads-on-rotors friction) can be performed in one-pedal mode (and it can be), then one-pedal mode must perform braking-by-wire.
We're already there, I think; people use brake-by-wire every day. (That we also have a functional hydraulic brake pedal as a backup does not mean that brake-by-wire is not a thing that one-pedal-mode provides.)
(If that sounds aggressive, then I apologize. I'm still recovering from a vacation with a 30-hour drive, and I may be up too late, and may also be drinking a bit much tonight.)
BMW i4,i5,i7,iX built in mid to late 2023 use an outsourced system that widely failed in cold temps. Tesla has a famously ingenious simpler but efficient custom in house design.
There are videos of hobbyists making heat pumps from compressors salvaged out of fridges or ice makers, and other scrounged parts, maybe an Arduino controlling it! They're amazingly simple when you see what they're made up of.
Sure, it sounds like there were problems with this system used in BMWs, but that's likely just a design issue. Pumping a coolant around a battery and then through a heat exchanger (that is part of the heat pump) is not that difficult compared to the cooling of an extremely complex internal combustion engine!
The parent comment to which i replied was listing significant systems in an EV, and hadn’t mentioned thermal regulation.
BMW’s outsourced Vitesco (part of Continental Power Trains originally) design differs in engineering (materials, components integration), with more disjoint components and more components therefore needing interconnections, and had cars (service bulletins applied to thousands) across Finland, Germany, Canada, US, UK, failing and leaking in a juncture not present on the Tesla design. (“Ask me how I know…twice.”)
So far Sodium Ion isn't delivering on that price drop, while the cars are all cheap but not yet really available the actual cells for sale on aliexpress and alibaba are all a lot more expensive than LifePO4 at the moment. The 13450 cells at 10Ah instead of the 15Ah for LifePO4 and at the moment are also 5x the price. Its just gouged early pricing currently but it should bring the price of home storage and car batteries down less than half of Li-on and LifePO4 but with a lower density.
Interesting year for batteries and EVs, lots of EVs cheaper than ICE vehicles coming out this year as a result.
Here's a February 29, 2024 article from Goldman Sachs on the same topic: https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/even-as-ev-s...
Articles that hand wave it as “due to inflation” are a bit frustrating.
Recently (last six months) it has become clear that more raw prospects were opened than actual demand existed for (glut of future supply), as a result a number of 'fresh' lithium mines have been recently shuttered.
In the post mining concentrate processing game ground has been broken on several processing plants that take mined concentrates and produce usuable raw minerals - Tesla in Texas, for example, now has a pipelined spodumene processing plant and adjoining battery manufacturing facility that will soon be completed.
Much of this flux from expensive to cheaper comes about from the interplay of forward contracts - it takes 18 months and more to bring new mines to production, to bring processing plants to completion, etc.
What's behind the drastic downturn in nickel and lithium prices, and what does it mean?
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01-26/examining-the-drastic...
Generally, there’s a lot of economics principles at play. Economies of scale mean as more is produced, often, still further increases in production are possible more cheaply than previously obtained. First semi chip produced might cost billions. The billionth chip might be pennies. There’s also a concept in the environmental economics that pulling finite resources out of the ground responds to increasing demand similar to pulling more money out of a bank via loans. Ie the most easy to obtain resources are mined first and the cost increases from there. In practice, too, producer relationships matter. A company buying batteries for EVs (ie at that scale) for their 5th year in a row is going to have demonstrated to their suppliers that, indeed, they can write a check for all the materials they’ve ordered much more than in year 0. So their suppliers have better information about how reliable their needs are, and so on.
Lots of complicated things not generally in the public knowledge nor easy to explain quick enough to not get scooped by another organization.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/fotw-1329-febr...
I've spent a fair amount of time looking for such a forecast that was actually more aggressive than the real popularity.
Your own link only shows a rather big increase in EV sales in the US, not a decrease, and it doesn't show any missed forecasts.
There was definitely a flurry of bad mass media articles about how the traditional car makers were scaling back their plans. But the facts in these articles were either extremely stilted and biased, or the facts in the articles directly contradicted the headlines.
For whatever reason, the car majors decided they wanted to tamp down on EVs in the media, and editors came through in spades with deceptive articles.
My personal prediction is all those carbon taxes on gas transfer over to evs and get renamed to something else.
https://www.atlasevhub.com/data_story/ev-drivers-in-36-state...
"The CnEVPost article says the average price of square LFP battery cells in mid 2023 was around RMB 800 to RMB 900 per kWh. This means the price of an average 60 kWh battery pack will have dropped from $US6,776.00 to just $3,388.00 in just 12 months, saving EV manufacturers over $3,000 per vehicle."