Normal printers probably wouldn't handle the shaking of launches and the extra G forces during that which for shuttle were ~3Gs.
Ink plotters, teleprinters, and fax machines ruled the world. But plotters are dreadfully slow at writing text. Radio fax machines may have been viable if they were rugged enough. But they probably weighed as much as the teletype and were much slower - only real advantage is printing diagrams and photos.