Yes, parts of this law are very likely to be struck down by the European Court of Human Rights, if a case ever gets there. Specifically the 100% automatic powers to hack and intercept anyone who is hacked by state backed hackers are pretty unlikely to be legal under the ECHR.
There is literally nothing that can win against national security as "state actors (Russia, China, even mentioned in the text) trying to sabotage your infrastructure - look we have evidence but we're not gonna share it with the public".
Do you mean that's a specific legal argument that is upheld in European courts or Dutch courts?
No, I would say that's just life experience until now.
Nothing ever wins against "we need to keep the country safe".