This is good for browsers which do a ton of requests to the same resource. It's less useful for service-oriented architecture where services would more often talk to other services through an LB, often contacting different nodes.
Having a data storage accessible for every service that needs authentication and authorization (and ideally every service needs at least authentication) is non trivial in distributed enterprise environment. To have a stateful token, you need to have a distributed scalable storage, unless you have only one instance. You need to be able to connect to it, hence distribute and manage database password. Anything symmetric requires a more sophisticated secret management.
A user makes a call into a gateway, which talks to the identity service to get a JWT with info about who the user is. Now the gateway passes the call on to the microservice being referenced and it gets the users basic access info with no extra calls, and better it can call any other internal service and continue to pass along the token.