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Not just political beliefs. In many countries in Europe you can be jailed merely for sending an “offensive” message.

> You can be jailed for your political beliefs throughout most of Europe.

Uh ... since when?

Holocaust denial (which is definitely politics, even though it's the despicable kind) is criminal in most of Europe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_Holocaust_denial#B...

Some European states also ban left-wing political symbols: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bans_on_communist_symbols

None of that is jailing for a political belief. You mix beliefs and actions.

It is an expression of political belief, which is what is normally meant in such contexts. I don't see much point in detangling the two, as belief that is not expressed is by definition something that you cannot act against since you don't know about it.

Not if they are following the law no

See, you've got that backwards. If your government makes specific political beliefs illegal, and sends you to jail for expressing them, then you are not free.