* Fort Worth, TX population growth - This is more logarithmic than exponential. The faster that city grows the more the rate of growth accelerates. Its not exponential because those two values, growth and acceleration, are not bound by any fixed ratio, but the numbers are still remarkable enough to defy expectations given the current size of the city.
* Compound interest
* Fig leaf area expansion - The total area covered by a fig tree's leaves increases exponentially from early spring to early or mid summer. The bigger and higher quantity the leaves become the larger and more numerous they can become up to a point when the tree halts growth for the year.
* Ratio of storage device capacity to price per storage unit over time - This is probably your best modern parallel to Moore's law in electronics.
* Quantity of nodes in a tree data model by access frequency
* Growth of wealth disparity in the US per capita over time
* Electricity consumption in the US per capita over time
Possibly: reverse osmosis water purification, proton exchange membrane electrolysis, smelting of iron using hydrogen or direct electric arc reduction (early days yet). Total fertility rate on a per-country basis.
Positive exponent: number of staff per student in tertiary education institutions. OK, that's a bit tongue in cheek. A bit.
Moore's law is also not dead. We just stack transistors vertically instead of horizontally now https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2023/12/13/...