Misleading title?
This is a Windows API bug with the slim reader/writer (SRW) locks. It's just that the bug was discovered via std::shared_mutex as that is implemented using SRW locks.
SRW locks: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sync/slim-re...
Confirmation from a Microsoft employee that the bug has been raised internally with the Windows API team: https://old.reddit.com/r/cpp/comments/1b55686/maybe_possible...