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The implementation can define the behavior on overflow to be the optimized behavior. Optimization and UB are orthogonal concepts.

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Implementation defined is not much better than undefined. It only requires documenting the behavior, so compilers could just go like "here are all the optimizations that we apply on each target platform for each set of compiler flags". It's not very helpful, you might as well look at the source code of the compiler.

That's still substantially better than undefined, where multiple runs of the same compiler version on the same source with the same settings are allowed to result in different behaviors. I suppose an implementation could define non-deterministic behavior, but that's unlikely and could be forbidden by the standard.

That said, my overall point is that optimization does not rely on undefined behavior at all. It's commonly argued that it does, but there are languages without undefined behavior that have working optimizers, so it's clearly false. Some optimizations for C (and C++) currently depend on undefined behavior, but there's nothing inherent about that dependence.

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