I can really relate to this article! I created T.LY URL Shortener in 2018, and I've encountered all these issues and more! I found out the hard way when my hosting company shut down my servers for malicious content about a week into launching the site. Malicious actors will go to all sorts of lengths to achieve their goals.
Be careful relying on Stripe to prevent these users. Next they will start using stolen credit cards to create accounts then you will face disputes. If you get too many, Stripe will prevent you from processing payments.
About a year ago, I launched a service called Link Shield. It's an API that returns risk scores (0-100) on URLs. It uses AI and other services to score if a URL is malicious. Check it out and let me know if you would be interested in trying it linkshieldapi.com/